Antenatal Period and Physiological Changes

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Probable Signs of Pregnancy

Positive Signs of Pregnancy

Cardiovascular Adaptations

Respiratory Adaptations

Renal Adaptations

Gastrointestinal Adaptations

Endocrine Adaptations

Antenatal Care Objectives, Schedule, and Screening Tests

Morning Sickness

Heartburn

Constipation

Backache

Varicosities

Antenatal Education, Birth Preparedness, and Complication Readiness Planning

Nutritional Needs and Micronutrient Supplementation in Pregnancy